New technology

Mon, 2006-05-29 18:13

Many people who believe a peak in crude oil production is imminent also believe that new technology will not be developed rapidly enough to avoid the ill effects of the peak. They point out that extracting oil from non-conventional sources is expensive and requires more energy than recovering oil from conventional sources. Additionally, non-conventional sources of oil tend to require more refinement to generate useful products. Some of the non-conventional sources of oil include:

  • Currently only 35% of the oil in a typical field is recovered. Historically, technology has increased the percentage of oil that can be cost-effectively recovered. One of the current research trends involves the possibility of sequestering carbon dioxide in oil fields in order to cost-effectively increase the amount of oil extracted.
  • Currently, only about 13%[[7]] of the energy in gasoline is used to move the vehicle, meaning about 1% is used to move the (much lighter) occupant of an automobile. Most energy is lost to engine inefficiency (2/3), but significant amounts are lost due to friction, aerodynamic drag, and rolling drag, or are simply wasted while idling or braking. Ultra-light cars made of strong carbon-steel composites may double efficiency of automobiles. Hybrid automobiles, available today, allow the engines to run more efficiently and also nearly double the efficiency of gasoline usage.
  • Historically, the oil industry has found ways to apply technology to allow oil to be extracted from remote locations such as Alaska and off-shore. Improvements in technology should allow the industry to continue extracting oil from further off-shore and continue drilling deeper oil wells.
  • New technology may improve the economics of alternate sources of energy such as ethanol, solar photovoltaics, or wind energy. Ethanol can directly substitute for oil. And other forms of energy can be used to manufacture long-chain hydrocarbons from commonly available coal, carbon-dioxide, and water. The Karrick process is an example of a coal extraction methodology.

Although the extraction of petroleum from the ground may peak at some point in the future (just like extraction of oil from whales peaked last century), new technology is likely to make that peak unimportant economically.

Green Chemistry and Engineering

Submitted by Robert Fiala (not verified) on Sat, 2007-09-08 10:14.

Here is one awnser to the greata nd over powering question of sustainability. For those of you who haven't hear of it don't let the word green scare you away. It is one of the most optimistic aproaches toward sustaiability have heared in awhile. It has twelve simplw principles written by Dr.Paul Anastas and Dr. John Warner 1998,so you can see the field is still in it's infancy. Instead of me going on and explaining it here are the twelve principles and if you want more info just ask me or google it.
1.
Prevention
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

2.
Atom Economy
Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.

3.
Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses
Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.

4.
Designing Safer Chemicals
Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.

5.
Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.

6.
Design for Energy Efficiency
Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

7.
Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.

8.
Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/ deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

9.
Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

10.
Design for Degradation
Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

11.
Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention
Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

12.
Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention
Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fire

Well chew on that for a while and start being positive about things. Hell the apocolypse could come tomorow and it sure would be shitty to have just waste your time on this big ball bitching about it's comming.
Everstep counts.
Thanks Rob Fiala

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